A federal court ruling limited the president's use of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act to impose broad tariffs. The decision renewed debate over whether emergency economic authority can support tariffs that affect many countries and products. Other statutes, including Section 122 of the Trade Act, allow narrower or temporary trade measures under specified conditions. The constitutional question is who sets major taxes on imports. The practical question is how quickly the United States can respond to unfair trade, supply-chain threats, or a balance-of-payments crisis without allowing one president to remake trade policy alone. Tariffs can be useful, but they also raise prices and invite retaliation. Durable trade policy should be fast enough for a real emergency and accountable enough that emergency language does not become a blank check.