Ukraine is defending itself against Russia’s full-scale invasion, which began in 2022. U.S. involvement can take several forms: sending equipment from U.S. stocks, funding new weapons and services, selling weapons, training Ukrainian forces, helping allies coordinate aid, and supporting repairs or production. Several programs are often mentioned. Presidential Drawdown Authority lets the president send equipment from U.S. military stocks. The Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative funds new purchases and services for Ukraine. Foreign Military Financing helps partners buy U.S. defense goods. Air defense means systems that try to stop missiles, drones, and aircraft before they hit targets. Another tool is PURL, the Prioritized Ukraine Requirements List, which lets NATO allies and partners put money into a NATO-managed account to buy U.S. weapons and services for Ukraine. Public oversight reports say that from February 2022 through December 2025, the United States had committed more than $66.1 billion in defense articles and services to Ukraine, while allies and partners had committed about $120 billion. In May 2026, the U.S. also approved a potential sale of JDAM-ER equipment to Ukraine. A potential sale approval is not the same as final delivery. The debate is about how to balance Ukraine’s defense needs, U.S. costs, allied burden-sharing, U.S. weapons stockpiles, oversight, and the risk of a wider conflict. This asks how the United States should balance helping Ukraine defend itself with cost, oversight, allied responsibility, and escalation risk.