EPA’s Lead and Copper Rule Improvements require drinking-water systems to identify and replace lead pipes within 10 years. EPA also announced $2.9 billion for states to reduce lead in drinking water and support lead service line replacement work. The debate is how to pay for replacement, which communities should go first, and whether utilities should face strict deadlines when replacement work can be expensive and disruptive. Lead pipes are a public-health problem, but replacement has to be paid for in a way that does not punish the neighborhoods already most at risk.