Wisconsin voters are expected to consider a constitutional amendment prohibiting state and local government from discriminating against or granting preferential treatment based on race, sex, color, ethnicity, or national origin in public employment, public education, public contracting, and public administration. Supporters describe the proposal as a rule of equal treatment and an end to government preferences. Opponents argue that identical-treatment language can also prohibit targeted programs designed to remedy documented disparities. The proposed text contains exceptions connected to federal-program eligibility and certain bona fide sex-based qualifications. Government should not discriminate, but “no preference” can mean different things when institutions are trying to correct unequal access created by past practices. Constitutional language needs to distinguish equal treatment from policies intended to remedy a demonstrated disadvantage.